Paba (Para Aminobenzoic Acid)
Important for the formation of red blood cells. Aids in the conversion of protein into energy. Necessary for healthy skin, and hair pigmentation.
Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B-5)
A vitamin which supports carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism; hemoglobin synthesis. Helps release energy from protein, carbohydrates, and fat. Needed to support a variety of body functions, including the maintenance of a healthy digestive system.
Pectin
A soluble fiber found in the skins of fruits (apples and peaches) and vegetables. One study found that eating Pectin will make you feel full longer. Researchers speculate that Pectin may slow digestin and keep food in your stomach longer.
Phaseolus Vulgaris
An ingredient which has been shown to effectively prevent the body from absorbing up to 35 grams of unwanted starch per meal. It is found in white kidney beans.
Phenylalanine
An amino acid, one of the main ingredients to enhance brain function. It has also been used to relieve stress.
Phentermine suppresses appetite to facilitate weight loss. Phentermine works on the hypothalamus portion of the brain to release norepinephrine, a chemical messenger that reduces hunger. Although its principal function is hunger-reduction, Phentermine also works to release adrenaline causing fat cells to break down stored fat.
Phosphatidylserine (PS)
A phospholid. An ingredient which may block cortisol (a hormone which breaks down muscle cells into fuel). Alsom reported to increase levels of glucose, the brain's energy source.
Phosphorus
Mineral that is structural component of all cells (including muscle); necessary for energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and growth / maintenance of all tissues.
Pituitary Gland
The Pituitary Gland is the main endocrine gland. The pituitary gland secretes nine hormones that regulate homeostasis and is called the master gland because it produces hormones that control other glands and many body functions including growth, blood pressure, sex organ function, preganacy and childbirth, metabolism, temperature and osmosis (water) regulation.
The pituitary consists of the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary is the front portion of the pituitary. Hormones secreted by it influence growth, sexual development, skin pigmentation, thyroid function, endorphins and adrenocortical function. These influences are exerted through the effects of pituitary hormones on other endocrine glands except for growth hormone HGH which acts directly on cells.
The posterior pituitary is the back portion of the pituitary. It secretes the hormone oxytocin which increases uterine contractions and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which increases reabsorption of water by the tubules of the kidney.
Phentermine
Phentermine suppresses appetite to facilitate weight loss. Phentermine works on the hypothalamus portion of the brain to release norepinephrine, a chemical messenger that reduces hunger. Although its principal function is hunger-reduction, Phentermine also works to release adrenaline causing fat cells to break down stored fat.
Polyphenols
Polyphenols are potent and wide ranging in their physiological prperties. They are antioxidants, cancer preventatives, cavity and gingivitis preventatives, prebiotics and even internal deodorizers.
Potassium
Mineral that helps maintain cellular integrity and water balance, nerve transmission and energy metabolism; necessary for muscle contraction. Potassium helps to lower blood pressure, lower risk of stroke, maintain muscle balance and prevent muscle cramping. Potassium helps to reduce the amount of sodium in the body.
Pregnenolone
Proanthocyanadins
Potent antioxidant phytonutrient found in some pine needles (pycnogenol) and grape seeds and skins (grape seed extract), it is especially synergistic with vitamin C making them more powerful antioxidants together than by themselves. Grape-derived Resveratrol is becoming a very well-known anti-aging supplement.
Progesterone
Progesterone is also known as P4 and is a steroidal hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy, gestation and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestogens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestogen.
For bio-identical hormone therapy, progesterone is commonly manufactured from the yam family, Dioscorea. Dioscorea produces large amounts of a steroid called diosgenin, which can be converted into progesterone in the laboratory.
Progesterone is primarily prescribed for the treatment of moderate to severe symptoms associated with menopause. Progesterone can relieve many types of arthritis, support the thymus gland, help immunological problems, support the thyroid gland, foster use of fat for energy, improve memory, act as a mild diuretic, a natural antidepressant, a great skin moisturizer, is necessary for fertility, has been used to treat emphysema, improve the efficiency of the heart, maintain a healthy pregnancy, maintain cell oxygen levels, normalize blood clotting, promote energy production, protects brain cells, relieve anxiety, restore libido, reverse aging of the skin, reverses osteoporosis, sensitize estrogen receptors and stimulate new bone formation.
Protein
Primary macronutrient for growth and maintenance of our body's structural parts (including muscle). Cannot be stored, so must be replenished through diet. (1 gram=4 calories).
Protein (Egg)
Source of protein with high Protein Efficiency Ratio, usually in egg white form (albumin) when used in protein powder to avoid cholesterol in egg yolk. Egg protein is the standard by which all other proteins are measured because of its very high ration of indispensable amino acids (also called essential amino acids because they must be supplied to the body from food or supplements) to dispensable amino acids.
Protein (Soy)
Soy protein does not offer much benefits to a bodybuilder. Soy protein does not form a good curd in the stomach, thus making it a fast protein. The amino acid pattern in soy is inferior to that of milk proteins, and not as favorable toward promoting growth.
Protein (Whey)
Dairy source of protein (other than cassein), known for high levels of BCAA's and high nitrogen retention. Made from milk curd, whey protein is the Rolls Royce of proteins because it has a superior amino acid composition (including high levels of leucine, arguably the most important branched chain amino acid), superior biological value (meaning that more of what you eat gets digested and into your system), is very low in lactose (a milk sugar that most adults have difficulty digesting).
Protein (Whey Hydrolyzed)
When you hydrolyze whey protein, you permanently modify the native protein structure, meaning that the protein has been denatured. A denatured whey protein has little or no biological activity. The hydrolysis process breaks apart peptide bonds, which destroys the protein structure and the bital whey protein biological activity. However, you still get the amino acids of whey proteins from the hydrolyzed whey protein. Half the reason bodybuilders eat protein is to obtain these healthful smaller protein chains.
Protein (Whey Ion-Exchange)
This special process revolved around the positive and negative charges or ion properties of whey protein. It featured the use of a resin to isolate the protein material from the whey. This is followed by ultrafiltration methods to further concentrate the protein. This contains 90% protein, and less than 1% lactose. True ion exchange whey protein is clear in a solution.
Protein (Whey Microfiltration)
Microfiltration Whey Protein features filtering membranes with microscopic holes. This is also sometimes called Cross-Flow filtration, or Nanofiltration, depending on the size of the holes of the filtering membranes.
Protopin (Protophin)
Protophin is a more affordable option to the Eli-Lilly Humatrope. It is a perfect match to the human DNA of 191 amino acids and can be administered intramuscular or subcutaneous as with all injectable human growth hormones. Probiomed is a young biotechnology company rapidly advancing in the field of hormone manufacturing. Probiomed have received many awards for the quality of their HGH (Somatropin recombinant-DNA for Injection) Human Growth Hormone.
Purslane
It is a weed that is edible, and sometimes put on salads, mostly in Europe. It is loaded with linolenic acid, and omega-3 fatty acid that may help reduce the risk of heart attack, and improve the health of cell membranes in the eyes and brain. It is also an excellent source of Vitamin E, providing 6 times as much as spinach.
Pycnogenol
Source of proanthocyanadins.
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B-6)
A vitamin which supports glycogen and nitrogen metabolism; production and transport of amino acids; production and maintenance of red blood cells (hemoglobin) Essential for the body's utilization of protein. Needed for the production of red blood cells, nerve tissues, and antibodies. Women taking oral contraceptives have lower levels of B-6.
Pyruvate
A key energy metabolite for the breakdown of fuel (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, etc.) to energy in our bodies, pyruvate can give us increased energy, assist in burning fat as fuel, and have anticatabolic effects (such as producing alanine). Pyruvate acid is alpha - ketopropionic acid. Studies have shown that pyruvate can help decrease fatigue, and increase vigor with only six grams per day.
The human body breaks down carbohydrates for energy though a process called glycolysis. As these sugars and starches are metabolized, pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is produced, which readily enters the mitochondria of cells to create energy fueling the muscles and other parts of the body.
